The innate antibiotic resistance is an important aspect of the competition between the microorganisms and is of great interest because some antibiotics, such as colistin, are the last resort for the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. In a balanced environment, the microorganisms are in a dynamic and complex process of adaptation. Antibiotic resistance is the most striking phenotypic feature that evolved in hospital environment. In addition, the specific cleaning procedures in hospitals greatly influence the microbial community. As opposed to the relatively pristine cave environment, hospital environments are highly contaminated with and antibiotics. The cave environment is unique for its lack of light and constant climate, and where the contaminations with pollutants can be minimal in its deepest parts. The organisms have to adapt to a large panel of factors that are not constant-temperature, carbon sources, pollutants, etc. The strain consists of 3,917,410 bp, with a G + C content of 65.7%. paucimobilis strain Kira was recently published. In addition, the complete genome sequence of S. A recent report of the complete genome of the Hafnia alvei A23BA isolated from plant rhizosphere demonstrates that environmental strains could advance the discovery of antibiotic-producing environmental strains. The need for the discovery of new antibiotics has galvanized researchers to focus on microorganisms that resist antibiotics. It is difficult to establish the source of opportunistic infection, mainly in the hospital environment. The infections with multi-drug resistant strains are spreading in the hospital environment and cause serious diseases, mainly in immune-compromised persons. Opportunistic infections are challenging issues. There are ten death casualties-three are H. Out of the 72 cases of pediatric infections, 62 cases (86.11%) are caused by S. There are 80 cases (17.9%) are reported of previously healthy persons. Most of the infections are reported in patients with different underlying conditions. paucimobilis bloodstream infections-50 cases (43%) are hospital-acquired, and 40 cases (37%) are community-acquired. The acquired source of the bloodstream infections is reported for 93 of S. paucimobilius (116 cases) and 121 cases (65.41%) are urinary tract infections with H. The types of infections are diverse but there are some infections more frequent there are 116 cases (44.27%) and many infections of the bloodstream with S. paucimobilis infections and 185 cases (41.39%) are H. We retrieved 447 cases from 49 references-262 cases (58.61%) are S. Data sources-PubMed and Cochrane library. We screened for the published studies-full-text original articles or review articles-that reported human infections with S. Out of the 14 bacterial strains, three isolates are Gram-negative bacilli-one isolate belong to Hafnia alvei and two strains belong to Sphingomonas paucimobilis. We used the standard procedure used in our clinical laboratory for bacterial identification and for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the cave isolates. Eleven samples were collected from six Romanian caves. We aim to see if the Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a non-contaminated environment-the caves-are reported in human infections. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the source of infection remain unclear. The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported.
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